N-LITER ReSearch² Report
Created 2004-01-12 17:54
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2004-01-12 to 2004-01-13
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13 documents
1. 1 Mars Introduction 2004-01-12 17:49
http://www.solarviews.com/eng/mars.htm
...Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is commonly referred to as the Red Planet....
    Highlights
  1. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is commonly referred to as the Red Planet.
    [Special Projects]
  2. The distinct red color was observed by stargazers throughout history
    [Special Projects]
  3. It was given its name by the Romans in honor of their god of war. Other civilizations have had similar names. The ancient Egyptians named the planet Her Descher meaning the red one.
    [Special Projects]
  4. Before space exploration, Mars was considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life
    [Special Projects]
  5. reason for scientists to expect life on Mars had to do with the apparent seasonal color changes on the planet's surface
    [Special Projects]
  6. In July of 1965, Mariner 4, transmitted 22 close-up pictures of Mars
    [Special Projects]
  7. 1976, Viking Landers 1 and 2 touched down on the surface of Mars
    [Special Projects]
  8. The three biology experiments aboard the landers discovered unexpected and enigmatic chemical activity in the Martian soil, but provided no clear evidence for the presence of living microorganisms
    [Special Projects]
  9. The average recorded temperature on Mars is -63° C (-81° F) with a maximum temperature of 20° C (68° F) and a minimum of -140° C (-220° F).
    [Special Projects]
    Notes
  1. Still not proven
    [Special Projects]
 
2. Science & Technology: 2 Mars vs Earth 2004-01-12 17:46
http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=31025
...Mars vs Earth...
    Highlights
  1. Mars vs Earth
    [Special Projects]
  2. Like the other planets in the Solar System, the Earth and Mars are thought to have condensed about 4.6 billion years ago from the solar nebula
    [Special Projects]
  3. The two planets share many similarities - both have hard crusts, dense cores and are made from the same materials
    [Special Projects]
  4. but they are also very different. Today, Earth is a dynamic place, teeming with life. Mars is relatively static and lifeless
    [Special Projects]
  5. Mars is one and a half times as far away from the Sun as Earth: it's also much smaller
    [Special Projects]
  6. "Mars is only one tenth the mass of Earth, which means it has lower gravity and lower pressures
    [Special Projects]
  7. The Earth's surface is still continually changing. Plate tectonics is one of the major forces that sees to that
    [Special Projects]
  8. "The lack of plate tectonics on Mars limited the planet's ability to recycle material. Four billion year old rocks are fairly common there," says Stevenson
    [Special Projects]
  9. Most of the southern hemisphere of Mars consists of such ancient crust
    [Special Projects]
  10. Water has also played a major role in shaping Mars, just as it has on Earth
    [Special Projects]
  11. there's no liquid water on the Martian surface today.
    [Special Projects]
  12. But they did so early in the planet's history. For 3.8 billion years or so, they have had little, if any effect. What happened to turn these processes off? And could the same thing happen to the Earth? These are questions for future space missions
    [Special Projects]
 
3. 3 Viking 2004-01-12 17:42
http://www.marsacademy.com/intros/intro3_4.htm
...The goal of the Viking I mission was to search for life, but more specifically, the search for microbial life...
    Highlights
  1. The Viking Mission
    [Special Projects]
  2. The goal of the Viking I mission was to search for life, but more specifically, the search for microbial life
    [Special Projects]
  3. This first experiment was the Gas Exchange Experiment, a Biology test that was designed to search for the exchanging of possible gases between the soil on Mars and its atmosphere
    [Special Projects]
  4. The experiment was conducted in two different levels; humid mode and wet mode.
    [Special Projects]
  5. The next experiment, the Labeled Release Experiment "tested for carbon-based gases released during metabolism, (Bizoni 51)" and was designed by Dr. Gilbert V. Levin.
    [Special Projects]
  6. In this experiment, a soil sample with a small amount of nutrients containing carbon-14 was placed in a container, along with a sampling of the Martian atmosphere
    [Special Projects]
  7. If the presence of carbon was detected, then it could be assumed that something had taken carbon from the nutrients and then expelled it as a waste product into the surrounding atmosphere
    [Special Projects]
  8. Once again, these results were inconclusive
    [Special Projects]
  9. The next experiment, the Pyrolytic Experiment, was designed and administered to see if Martian soil assimilated carbon from the atmosphere
    [Special Projects]
  10. Yet once again, the results were accepted as inconclusive due to marginal doubt, which the scientists dismiss.
    [Special Projects]
  11. The last experiment that was conducted was the Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer, which was designed to answer the question: "Does the soil contain its own organic compounds?"
    [Special Projects]
  12. This was a letdown for the pro-lifers, who expected the results to show the presence of organic compounds
    [Special Projects]
  13. Through all of the experiments that were carried out on Viking I, all of the results were inconclusive
    [Special Projects]
 
4. 4 The Martian Meteorite 2004-01-12 17:39
http://www.marsacademy.com/intros/intro3_3.htm
...Roberta Stone, a member of a seven-man team, was out searching for meteorites on December 27, 1984, in the Allan Hills in the Far Western Icefield of Antarctica...
    Highlights
  1. Roberta Stone, a member of a seven-man team, was out searching for meteorites on December 27, 1984, in the Allan Hills in the Far Western Icefield of Antarctica, when she stumbled upon a rock
    [Special Projects]
  2. The rock’s background began with its formation 4.5 billion years ago from volcanic material. (Wilford 20) Nearly 4 billion years ago
    [Special Projects]
  3. The main discovery was the presence of carbonate globules. These globules consisted of mineral deposits made from carbon and oxygen atoms bound with calcium, manganese, iron, or magnesium atoms
    [Special Projects]
  4. The presence of magnetic minerals in the globules of the rock leads to the belief that life once existed on Mars
    [Special Projects]
  5. Another piece of evidence found in the globules that led to the possibility of life, was the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)s
    [Special Projects]
 
5. Mars 2004-01-12 17:37
http://www.marsacademy.com/intros/intro3_2.htm
...Mars is located in the Milky Way Galaxy and is the third planet from the Sun,...
    Highlights
  1. Mars is located in the Milky Way Galaxy and is the third planet from the Sun,
    [Special Projects]
  2. Mars is located one planet away from Earth, a little less than 35 million miles and has a diameter of 4,200 miles, which is just over half the size of Earth
    [Special Projects]
  3. The seasons on Mars last for a large amount of time due to the length of one Martian year, which is almost twice that of a year on Earth
    [Special Projects]
  4. Mars has polar ice caps, sand dunes, valley networks, volcanoes, and craters.
    [Special Projects]
 
6. Is there life on Mars? 2004-01-12 17:35
http://www.marsacademy.com/intros/intro3_1.htm
...on Mars?...
    Highlights
  1. Life on Mars?
    [Special Projects]
  2. In the past, the question of life on Mars has arisen many times. It began with the great astronomers of the 1700’s and 1800’s and then carried into the 20th century with the discovery of Martian meteorites. Many believed that life once thrived on Mars and is still living there today. Contrary to this belief, many theorize that if Mars ever supported life, then that life is extinct now
    [Special Projects]
  3. These two theories are both supported by findings of Martian meteorites and missions to Mars. One specific example of a meteorite that was found in Antarctica in 1984, is ALH 84001. By studying this four-pound, three-ounce rock, scientists found evidence that could prove the possibility of life, as well as disprove it.
    [Special Projects]
 
7. MDRS - The Musk Observatory 2004-01-12 17:34
http://www.marssociety.org/mdrs/musk
...Musk Observatory is equipped with a Celestron 14-inch CGE1400 telescope...
    Highlights
  1. The Musk Observatory is equipped with a Celestron 14-inch CGE1400 telescope
    [Special Projects]
  2. It is being used to support both the operations research program of the station itself, and to provide a means for greater direct public involvement in science and space exploration
    [Special Projects]
 
8. 5 The Mars Society - Main Site 2004-01-12 17:32
http://www.marssociety.org
...International Mars Society Conference will be held at the Palmer House Hilton in Chicago, Illinois, August 19-22, 2004....
    Highlights
  1. 7th International Mars Society Conference will be held at the Palmer House Hilton in Chicago, Illinois, August 19-22, 2004.
    [Special Projects]
  2. A web site comprising computer-generated renders of Mars may be seen at: http://www.geocities.com/rockbuster_99/index.html
    [Special Projects]
 
9. Mars Exploration Rover Mission: 2004-01-12 17:30
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/spotlight/spirit/a2_20040105.html
...January 08, 2004...
    Highlights
  1. January 08, 2004
    [Special Projects]
  2. In the past year, cameras on the Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey orbiters have been taking pictures of this "landing strip" every time they passed overhead.
    [Special Projects]
  3. While the spacecraft was hurtling toward the martian surface, it was able to take images a little less than a mile above Spirit's landing site
    [Special Projects]
  4. Tim Parker can eventually tell you where Spirit is hiding. "The real hunt began once we received the first images from the surface
    [Special Projects]
  5. Staring on Spirit's third day on Mars, navigators began using another way to find Spirit's landing site through the Mars Odyssey orbiter.
    [Special Projects]
 
10. Mars Exploration Rover Mission: Home 2004-01-12 17:29
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
...Landscapes that look familiar at first glance can have surprising geologic histories, so scientists are patiently searching for the right clues that will lead...
    Highlights
  1. Landscapes that look familiar at first glance can have surprising geologic histories, so scientists are patiently searching for the right clues that will lead them to understand the processes that formed Spirit's landing site,
    [Special Projects]
 
11. 6 Robotics Education Project - Home 2004-01-12 17:26
http://robotics.nasa.gov
...first Mars Exploration Rover, Spirit, landed on Mars on January 3, 2004...
    Highlights
  1. The first Mars Exploration Rover, Spirit, landed on Mars on January 3, 2004
    [Special Projects]
  2. the next rover landing set for 1/24/04.
    [Special Projects]
  3. The FIRST Robotics Competition Kick-Off took place January 10, 2004 in Manchester, NH. Watch
    [Special Projects]
 
12. ChallengeDialog.com - Challenge Dialog 2004-01-12 16:43
http://www.n-liter.com/servlet/ENLITERcgi
...will work on this report from the plane! You will have my comments/changes in 3 hours. ...
    Highlights
  1. N-LITER N-Terprise
    [Special Projects]
    Notes
  1. I will work on this report from the plane!  You will have my comments/changes in 3 hours.
    [Special Projects]
 
13. N-LITER ReSearch² Report 2004-01-12 16:16
file://C:\My Documents\N-LITER\N-Mail\Knowledge Management.html
...Share this report with Marketing ..
    Highlights
  1. :: OUR KIDS GO TO SCHOOL ::
    [Special Projects]
    Notes
  1. Share this report with Marketing
    [Special Projects]
 


 N-LITER GOLDEN RETRIEVER™  FOOTNOTES     www.n-liter.com
1 Some background information [Special Projects]
2 This site gives a great comparison with Earth! [Special Projects]
3 Information on the second mission to Mars in 1976 [Special Projects]
4 They found a rock, but it still didn't prove anything conclusive. [Special Projects]
5 These guys have some interesting theories. [Special Projects]
6 Something for the classroom! [Special Projects]


Source: file://C:\My Documents\N-LITER\N-Mail\Life on Mars.html